Stanley Park is often referred to as the crown jewel of Vancouver, not only because of its immense natural beauty but also because of the deep, intricate history embedded within its boundaries. Covering more than 1,000 acres, Stanley Park is a green oasis that attracts millions of visitors each year, offering everything from coastal scenery to rich forest trails. While the park is celebrated today for its tranquility and recreational opportunities, its history is much more complex, especially when we consider the First Nations who lived there for thousands of years before colonization.

First Nations History: The True Custodians of Stanley Park

Long before Stanley Park was established as a public space in 1888, it was home to the Coast Salish Peoples, specifically the Musqueam, Squamish, and Tsleil-Waututh Nations. For millennia, these Indigenous groups lived, hunted, and thrived in the area now known as Vancouver, including what is now Stanley Park. Their intimate knowledge of the land’s resources enabled them to build sustainable communities centered around seasonal food sources, including salmon, shellfish, and the abundant plants of the coastal rainforest.

One of the most notable First Nations settlements within Stanley Park was Whoi Whoi (X̱wáýx̱way), located near what is now Lumberman’s Arch. This large village was a central hub for community life, ceremonies, and trade. It held special significance, particularly because of its proximity to the ocean and forest—essential sources of sustenance for the Coast Salish peoples. The village site was also where sacred potlatches took place—ceremonial feasts that played a critical role in Indigenous society by redistributing wealth and reinforcing social bonds.

The arrival of European settlers in the early 19th century began the systematic displacement of these communities. As Vancouver grew, settlers encroached upon First Nations land, slowly pushing Indigenous people out of their ancestral homes. By 1886, two years before Stanley Park was officially opened, the first permanent settlers began constructing what would later become modern-day Vancouver.

The establishment of Stanley Park as a public park in 1888 marked a tragic turning point for the First Nations who called the area home. The Coast Salish people were forcibly removed, and their villages were either destroyed or vacated to make way for the new park. Among the most heart-wrenching stories is that of August Jack Khatsahlano, a Squamish chief, whose family was one of the last to be displaced from their home in Stanley Park. Their longhouses were burned down, effectively erasing the physical presence of the Indigenous communities that had lived there for thousands of years.

Today, Stanley Park stands as both a monument to this painful history and an opportunity for reconciliation. In recent years, efforts have been made to acknowledge the park’s Indigenous past and create a more inclusive narrative. The park’s Brockton Point Totem Poles, for example, are a visible reminder of the First Nations’ presence, although their original homes and lives were erased in favor of colonial expansion. Vancouver’s growing relationship with the Musqueam, Squamish, and Tsleil-Waututh Nations is an ongoing process of healing and reconciliation, recognizing that the park’s past cannot be forgotten.

A Natural Jewel for Residents and Tourists

Beyond its complex history, Stanley Park is recognized as one of the most beautiful urban parks in the world. For both residents and visitors, it offers a unique blend of natural beauty, cultural landmarks, and recreational opportunities. Vancouverites view the park as an essential retreat, a space where city life melts away, replaced by the soothing sounds of the forest and the gentle lapping of the ocean.

The Seawall, perhaps the park’s most famous attraction, is a 9-kilometer path that encircles Stanley Park and offers stunning views of the Burrard Inlet, English Bay, and the distant North Shore Mountains. Whether walking, biking, or rollerblading, visitors can enjoy breathtaking vistas as they make their way around the park’s perimeter. For many locals, the Seawall is a daily ritual—a place to exercise, relax, and take in the ever-changing scenery.

For tourists, Stanley Park provides an endless array of activities. In addition to the Seawall, visitors can take a leisurely horse-drawn carriage ride, offering a narrated tour of the park’s highlights. The Stanley Park Pavilion and Prospect Point are popular stops, with sweeping views of Lions Gate Bridge and the entrance to the Burrard Inlet. Second Beach and Third Beach are perfect for sunbathing, swimming, or catching a sunset after a day of exploring.

8 Interesting Facts About Stanley Park

1. Larger Than New York’s Central Park

One of the most commonly shared facts about Stanley Park is that it is actually larger than Central Park in New York City. Stanley Park covers about 1,000 acres (405 hectares), while Central Park measures around 843 acres. This makes Stanley Park one of the largest urban parks in North America. However, its size is only one part of its appeal; the dense, forested landscape, long history, and integration with Vancouver’s coastline make it truly distinct.

The park’s extensive size allows for a variety of landscapes, from towering forests and open fields to scenic beaches and wetlands. Visitors can feel as though they’re stepping into a vast wilderness despite being so close to the bustling downtown area. The network of trails and pathways means that one can spend hours exploring the park, encountering different ecosystems and hidden gems around every corner.

2. The Hollow Tree

One of the most iconic landmarks in Stanley Park is the Hollow Tree, a massive Western red cedar that has been a focal point of the park since its inception. The tree, which is estimated to be around 800 years old, has a hollowed-out center that has served as a popular photo opportunity for visitors over the decades.

The Hollow Tree, though no longer alive, stands as a monument to the ancient rainforest that once covered the area. In the early 20th century, visitors would drive their cars inside the tree’s hollow for photographs, a testament to its incredible size. The tree was damaged in storms and began to tilt, sparking debate in the 2000s about whether it should be removed. However, through significant conservation efforts, the tree was stabilized and remains standing today as a beloved piece of natural history.

3. The Seawall: World’s Longest Uninterrupted Waterfront Path

Stanley Park’s Seawall is one of its most famous features, stretching for approximately 9 kilometers (5.5 miles) around the perimeter of the park. It is part of the larger 28-kilometer Seaside Greenway that runs through Vancouver, making it the longest uninterrupted waterfront path in the world.

The Seawall was originally designed to prevent erosion and was first constructed in 1917 under the direction of park engineer James Cunningham, who dedicated over 30 years of his life to the project. Cunningham and his team painstakingly hand-laid thousands of stones to build the Seawall, a project that continued until 1980. Visitors today enjoy walking, jogging, biking, or rollerblading along the scenic path, which offers breathtaking views of English Bay, Burrard Inlet, and the North Shore mountains.

The Seawall has become synonymous with Vancouver’s outdoor culture, attracting locals and tourists alike who wish to experience the natural beauty of the area while engaging in physical activity. Along the route, you’ll pass many of the park’s attractions, such as Siwash Rock, Brockton Point, and Prospect Point.

4. Siwash Rock: An Ancient Natural Landmark

Standing just offshore along the Seawall is Siwash Rock, a 32-million-year-old sea stack that rises 18 meters (60 feet) above the water. Siwash Rock is a geological marvel and a culturally significant site to the Coast Salish peoples, who have their own stories and legends about its origin.

According to Indigenous oral tradition, Siwash Rock represents a man who was transformed into stone by the creator for his purity and selflessness. He had been performing a ritual in the waters, an act of honor for his soon-to-be-born child, when he was turned to stone. This story reflects the deep spiritual connection that the Indigenous people of the area have with the land and its features.

Geologically speaking, Siwash Rock is composed of basalt, the remnants of an ancient volcanic activity. The rock has withstood the erosion that has shaped much of the coastline, making it a significant natural feature in the area. It is also a favorite subject for photographers and a memorable stop along the Seawall.

5. Lost Lagoon: A Changing Landscape

Lost Lagoon is one of Stanley Park’s most famous water features, located near the entrance to the park. It was once a tidal lagoon, connected to Coal Harbour, and would disappear at low tide, which is how it earned its name—“Lost” because it would vanish with the tides. However, in 1916, the construction of the Stanley Park Causeway separated the lagoon from the ocean, turning it into a permanent freshwater lake.

Lost Lagoon is now a vibrant ecosystem, supporting a variety of wildlife, including swans, ducks, geese, and the occasional river otter. The lake is also home to the Lost Lagoon Nature House, which educates visitors about the local flora and fauna. In the early 20th century, the lagoon was a popular spot for recreation, including ice skating during cold winters.

Today, Lost Lagoon serves as a tranquil oasis for park-goers, offering scenic views, wildlife observation, and a peaceful place to relax. However, like Beaver Lake, it has faced environmental challenges, such as the growth of invasive plants like yellow flag iris, which has required intervention to maintain the lagoon’s health.

6. The Stanley Park Totem Poles: A Cultural Landmark

The Stanley Park Totem Poles at Brockton Point are one of the most visited attractions in British Columbia and represent an important connection to the province’s First Nations heritage. The collection of totem poles in the park is a celebration of Indigenous art and culture, featuring works from Kwakwaka’wakw, Haida, Squamish, and other Coastal First Nations.

The first totem pole was installed in Stanley Park in 1920, and over the years, more poles were added, creating a rich display of Indigenous artistry. Each totem pole tells a story—some commemorate ancestors, while others represent supernatural beings or historical events. The vibrant colors and intricate carvings make them a stunning sight, and they offer visitors an opportunity to learn more about the cultural traditions of the First Nations peoples.

However, it’s important to note that totem poles are not originally from the Vancouver area, as they are more common among Indigenous groups from northern British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. The display in Stanley Park serves both as an artistic exhibition and as a form of cultural respect, though modern discussions around the reconciliation process often involve ensuring these poles and other Indigenous art are represented in a way that respects their true origin.

7. Environmental Challenges: The 2006 Windstorm

Stanley Park’s beauty and ecological diversity have not made it immune to environmental threats. The park has faced significant challenges in recent years, with one of the most dramatic being the devastating windstorm of 2006. The storm, which produced winds of over 120 kilometers per hour (75 mph), felled more than 10,000 trees, causing widespread destruction and permanently altering the park’s landscape.

The storm left sections of the park resembling a war zone, with ancient trees uprooted and paths impassable. The damage was so severe that the park had to close for safety and repair for several months. The event sparked a massive restoration effort, which included replanting native species, clearing debris, and reinforcing damaged trails. The park has since made a remarkable recovery, but the scars of the storm are still visible in certain areas.

In the years following the windstorm, Stanley Park has faced ongoing environmental challenges, including the threat of climate change, which is expected to bring more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and increased pressure on the park’s ecosystems. Conservation efforts remain a top priority to ensure that the park’s natural beauty is preserved for future generations.

8. Biodiversity and Conservation in Stanley Park

Stanley Park is home to an astonishing range of biodiversity, from towering old-growth trees to vibrant wetlands teeming with life. This urban sanctuary provides critical habitat for countless species of plants, birds, mammals, amphibians, and insects. Ongoing conservation efforts aim to protect this biodiversity in the face of urban development and environmental changes.

One of the park’s most ecologically important areas is Beaver Lake, a small, shallow lake surrounded by dense forest. Beaver Lake provides habitat for a range of wildlife, including frogs, salamanders, and several species of aquatic plants. The lake is slowly filling in with organic material, and the city is currently working on a restoration project to preserve this important wetland habitat.

Stanley Park also plays a critical role in protecting Vancouver’s water quality. The park’s wetlands and forests act as natural filters, helping to purify runoff and absorb pollutants before they reach the ocean. This process not only benefits the local ecosystem but also contributes to the health of the wider coastal environment.

Wildlife and Plant Life in Stanley Park: A Thriving Ecosystem

Stanley Park is not just a beautiful urban park—it is a vibrant and thriving ecosystem that supports a wide variety of flora and fauna. This rich biodiversity is a key reason why the park is often described as the “lungs” of Vancouver, offering an unparalleled opportunity to experience wildlife in its natural habitat, right in the heart of the city. For those who venture beyond the Seawall, the park’s forests, wetlands, and shoreline reveal a hidden world full of life, with every step offering the chance for discovery.

Mammals: From Playful Squirrels to Cunning Coyotes

Stanley Park is home to a variety of mammal species, some of which are easily spotted, while others remain more elusive. Eastern grey squirrels, with their bushy tails and playful antics, are perhaps the most visible mammals, frequently seen darting around the park’s trees and pathways. Though non-native, these squirrels have become well-established in the park and are often spotted begging for food from passersby—despite the signs warning against feeding wildlife.

Another commonly seen species is the raccoon. These intelligent and adaptable animals are often spotted near popular picnic areas, scavenging for food scraps or rummaging through the forest floor. They’re known for their distinctive “mask-like” facial markings and dexterous front paws, which they use to forage. Though raccoons may seem charming and mischievous, it’s important to remember that they are wild animals and play an important role in the park’s ecosystem by controlling insect populations and scavenging.

The park is also home to coyotes, which are typically more elusive and shy around humans. However, sightings are not uncommon, especially in the early morning or late evening. Coyotes are highly adaptable predators that help control the populations of small mammals like rats and rabbits. While they tend to avoid people, it’s important for visitors to respect their space and avoid leaving food or garbage that might attract them.

At Beaver Lake, park visitors might spot beavers, the iconic rodent architects of Canada. True to their reputation, beavers play a critical role in shaping the landscape of the lake by building dams, which can alter water levels and create new habitats for other species. While their engineering skills are impressive, the dams can sometimes flood paths and interfere with the park’s infrastructure, leading to ongoing efforts to balance their habitat with human activity.

Birdlife: A Paradise for Birdwatchers

Stanley Park is a haven for bird enthusiasts, with over 230 bird species recorded in the area. The park’s diverse habitats, ranging from dense forests to open shorelines, support both resident and migratory birds. The park is especially important for migratory species that stop over to rest and refuel during their long journeys along the Pacific Flyway.

One of the park’s most famous avian residents is the great blue heron. Standing over a meter tall, these majestic birds can often be seen wading through the shallows near Lost Lagoon or perched on branches near the park’s shorelines. Stanley Park is home to one of the largest urban heron colonies in North America, with dozens of nests visible high in the trees near Beach Avenue. These large birds feed primarily on fish and amphibians, which they hunt with slow, deliberate movements and lightning-fast strikes of their sharp beaks.

Bald eagles, symbols of strength and freedom, are another remarkable sight in Stanley Park. These large birds of prey can be seen soaring high above the park, especially near the Brockton Point area. They build massive nests in tall trees, some of which have been in use for generations. Eagles feed on fish and small mammals, often swooping down to snatch their prey from the ocean or park’s waterways.

Visitors can also spot owls, including the barred owl and the great horned owl, particularly during dusk or dawn. These nocturnal hunters are masters of stealth, with their silent flight and sharp talons making them formidable predators of small mammals and birds. Owls contribute to controlling the rodent population within the park.

In addition to these iconic species, the park is home to a variety of smaller songbirds, waterfowl, and woodpeckers. Chickadees, nuthatches, and juncos flit through the park’s forests, while mallards, Canada geese, and American coots can be found near the park’s water bodies. The rhythmic drumming of woodpeckers, particularly the pileated woodpecker, echoes through the trees, reminding visitors of the park’s vibrant birdlife.

Plant Life: A Coastal Rainforest in the Heart of the City

Stanley Park’s dense forests are a key part of its identity, representing one of the last remnants of the original temperate rainforest that once covered the region. The park’s towering trees create a majestic canopy that shelters visitors and wildlife alike, transporting them to a world far removed from the bustling city just outside its borders.

The park’s western red cedar, Douglas fir, and western hemlock trees are among its most iconic features. Some of these trees are hundreds of years old, with towering trunks that reach incredible heights. The largest trees in Stanley Park have diameters over 5 meters (16 feet), and many are over 80 meters (260 feet) tall. Walking through these old-growth sections of the park is like stepping back in time, experiencing the grandeur of the forest as it once was.

Beneath the towering canopy, the forest floor is lush with ferns, mosses, and shrubs. Species like sword fern, bracken, and salal thrive in the shaded understory, creating a thick, green carpet that softens the ground beneath visitors’ feet. Devil’s club, with its large, spiny leaves, and Oregon grape, with its clusters of yellow flowers and purple berries, are also common plants in the park’s forested areas.

In addition to the native species, Stanley Park is home to several cultivated gardens that add to its diversity. The Ted and Mary Greig Rhododendron Garden, located near the Stanley Park Pavilion, showcases over 4,500 rhododendrons, creating a spectacular display of color in the spring. The park’s Rose Garden, established in 1920, features over 3,500 rose bushes, drawing visitors to its vibrant blooms and fragrant scents each summer.

The park’s diverse ecosystems also include wetlands like Beaver Lake, which provides a habitat for aquatic plants such as water lilies and cattails. The lake’s unique blend of open water and marshy areas supports a variety of amphibians, insects, and water birds.

Environmental Challenges: Balancing Nature and Urban Life

Despite its natural beauty, Stanley Park faces several environmental challenges. The devastating windstorm of 2006 served as a reminder of the park’s vulnerability, as more than 10,000 trees were blown down, forever altering parts of the forest. The park has since undergone significant restoration efforts, with new trees planted to restore the forest’s structure. However, the park’s recovery is ongoing, and the effects of climate change continue to pose new threats.

One of the most pressing concerns is the impact of invasive species, such as Himalayan blackberry and English ivy, which threaten to outcompete native plants and disrupt the park’s ecosystems. Efforts are underway to control these invasive species and protect the park’s biodiversity.

Additionally, Beaver Lake is slowly disappearing due to the accumulation of organic material and invasive plants, threatening its role as a vital wetland habitat. The city has launched restoration projects aimed at removing sediment and restoring the lake’s depth, helping to preserve this important ecosystem.

The Benefits of Stanley Park to Vancouver

Stanley Park is not just a refuge for wildlife—it is a refuge for the people of Vancouver as well. The park provides essential green space in a rapidly growing city, offering residents and visitors a place to relax, exercise, and reconnect with nature. Whether it’s a morning jog along the Seawall, a family picnic at Second Beach, or a quiet moment of reflection in the forest, Stanley Park plays a critical role in maintaining Vancouver’s quality of life.

In addition to its recreational value, the park has a profound environmental impact. Stanley Park’s vast forested areas act as a carbon sink, helping to offset the city’s greenhouse gas emissions. The trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, improving air quality in the surrounding urban environment. The park’s wetlands, such as Beaver Lake and Lost Lagoon, help to filter water and provide habitat for countless species, contributing to the overall health of the region’s ecosystems.

Economically, Stanley Park is a major driver of tourism, attracting millions of visitors each year and supporting local businesses. Its proximity to downtown makes it easily accessible, while its combination of natural beauty and cultural landmarks ensures that there’s something for everyone to enjoy.

In many ways, Stanley Park is the heart of Vancouver—a place where the city’s natural and cultural history come together. As Vancouver continues to grow and evolve, the park will remain an essential part of the city’s identity, serving as both a reminder of its past and a symbol of its future.

This expanded section delves deeply into the richness of Stanley Park’s wildlife, plant life, environmental challenges, and its benefits to both Vancouver’s people and the environment. It highlights the unique biodiversity that makes Stanley Park a natural jewel while also acknowledging the importance of preserving it for future generations.

Environmental Challenges and Stewardship

However, Stanley Park is not immune to environmental threats. The devastating windstorm of 2006 toppled thousands of trees, a stark reminder of the vulnerability of even well-established ecosystems. The park’s fragile wetlands, such as Beaver Lake, face ongoing challenges from invasive species and human development, requiring careful management and restoration.

Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to the park. Rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns have already impacted the delicate balance of the park’s ecosystems. The park’s role as an urban forest means that it not only provides shelter for wildlife but also helps mitigate the city’s carbon footprint by acting as a natural carbon sink.

Vancouver’s Vital Green Space

Stanley Park is not just a place of natural beauty—it is an essential part of Vancouver’s identity. The park offers invaluable green space in the heart of a bustling urban environment, providing a peaceful retreat for residents and tourists alike. It serves as a gathering place for outdoor recreation, community events, and cultural ceremonies, contributing significantly to the physical and mental well-being of the city’s inhabitants.

Economically, the park is a major draw for tourism, attracting millions of visitors each year and supporting local businesses. Its proximity to downtown makes it easily accessible, while its size and diversity of attractions ensure that there’s something for everyone to enjoy. From family picnics to romantic walks, fitness activities to quiet reflection, Stanley Park’s role in the daily lives of Vancouverites cannot be overstated.

Moreover, the park’s function as an environmental asset is critical to the health of the city. Its forests absorb greenhouse gases, its wetlands support biodiversity, and its extensive trail system encourages eco-friendly transportation.

As Vancouver continues to grow, so too does the importance of Stanley Park as both a symbol of the city’s green ambitions and a living reminder of its complex, often painful past. By preserving its natural beauty and honoring the First Nations’ history, Vancouver can ensure that Stanley Park remains a space of reconciliation, reflection, and renewal for generations to come.